RevistaTOMO,SãoCristóvão,v.44,e22024,2025DOI:10.21669/tomo.v44.22024SpecialIssue-CoastalSqueeze:BeachesunderSocio-EconomicandEcologicalPressureE-ISSN:2318-9010/ISSN:1517-4549SpecialIssueTerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilFlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros*1DanielHauerQueirozTelles**2TaisKalilRodrigues***3PalomaSantosAmorim****4LuizFernandodeCarliLautert*****5AbstractCoastalbeacheshavegainedincreasingrelevanceandcomplexityinBrazilianterritorialmanagement,consideringtheireconomic,social,andenvironmentalvalue,aswellasotherassociatedinterests.Theconflictsandimpactsrelatedtothemultipleusesandappropriationsofthesespacesareintensifiedandbecomeevenmoresignificantduetoclimatechange,whichimposesnewchallenges.Ononehand,wefacecoastalerosionandflooding;ontheother,weareconfrontedwiththeproductionofspacethroughurbanizationandthetouristdevelopmentofbeacheswithoutplanningoraterritorialgovernanceagenda.Consideredintheircomplexities,beachesbringtogetherissuesthatarechallengingtoanalyzeandintegrate:environmental,publicrights,andpublicpolicy.Thisthreatenstheirstatusaspublicspacesforcommonuseandfreeaccess,evengivingrisetopoliticalproposalsforprivatization.ThisarticleaimstocorrelatethesegeneralproblemswithBrazilianbeachesandtheroleofscienceindefininggovernanceflowsfromaterritorialperspective.BasedonthreesituationsindifferentlocationsinBrazil,apreliminaryproposalforapproachingdiscrepanciesandsimilaritiesisbuilt.ThearticlewillcontributetothedebateonwhatthebeachmeansforcontemporaryBraziliansociety.Keywords:BeachManagement;TerritorialityConflicts;CoastalSqueeze;EnvironmentalImpacts.***UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,DepartmentofGeographyandGraduatePrograminGeography.RiodeJaneiro,Brazil.E-mail:flaviamlb@igeo.ufrj.brOrcid:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-9948CrediT:Conceptualization;For-malAnalysis;Investigation;Methodology;Writingoriginaldraft,reviewandediting.UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,CenterforMarineStudies.PontaldoSul,Paraná,Brazil.E:mail:danieltelles@ufpr.brOr-cid:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0484CrediT:Conceptualization;FormalAnalysis;Investigation;Methodology;Writingoriginaldraft,reviewandediting.***UniversidadeFederaldoSergipe,CenterforEducationandHumanSciences.SãoCristóvão,Sergipe,Brazil.E-mail:tkali-lr@yahoo.com.brOrcid:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9718-6531.CRediT:Conceptualization;FormalAnalysis;Investi-gation;Methodology;Writingoriginaldraft,reviewandediting.****UniversidadeFederaldeSergipe,GraduatePrograminGeosciencesandBasinAnalysis.SãoCristóvão,Sergipe,Brazil.E-mail:palomasantosamorim@gmail.comOrcid:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-111X.CRediT:Cartography,Re-viewandEditing*****UniversidadeFederaldoParaná,ChamberofSciences,CoastalSector.Matinhos,Paraná,Brazil.E-mail:luizlautert@ufpr.brOrcid:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-0198CRediT:Cartography,Analysis,Visualization,ReviewandEditing.1IntroductionBeachesarehighlycomplextransitionalenvironmentsofgreatsocialandeconomicvalue.Nowa-days,theyarecommonlymarkedbyurbanizedareasorthoseundergoingurbanization,tendingtowardhighdemographicandtechnologicaldensityandconcentrateddiversificationofuses,whi-lealsoconstitutingplacesintegratedintomultipleeconomiccircuits.Theyincludephysical-envi-ronmental,social,andeconomiccomponentsandfulfillvariousfunctionssuchasrecreation,de-etal.fense,andconservation,ofteninvolvingconflictinginterests(MicallefandWilliam,2009;Botero,2012).Fromtheperspectiveofthenaturalsciences,beachescanbeunderstoodasalandscape,ahabitat,orageomorphologicalfeature;fromtheviewpointofengineering,theyareoftenseenasadyna-micspacethatneedstobecontrolledtoensurethesafetyofhumanoccupations;foreconomics,moregenerally,asasiteofhighaddedvaluewithmultipleusesandactivities;andforthesocialsciences,asaterritoryandplaceofresidenceforlargepopulations,includingtraditionalcommu-nities,whereconflictsofinterestoccur.Thesecharacteristicshaveledtopressuresandimpactsonbeachesworldwide,creatingtheneedforspecificbeachmanagement(MicallefandWilliam,op.cit.).Thepolysemyoftheword“beach”raisesimportantquestionsabouthowsocietyvaluesandpressuresbeachestodayandhowdifferentperspectivesandpressuresonthisspaceinfluencehownewmanagementchallengesarebeingaddressed,particularlythoserelatedtoclimatechan-ge,whichthreatensbeacheswithcoastalerosion.etal.op.cit.coastalsqueezeTheoceanographicforcingsrelatedtosea-levelriseandextremeeventsaddtotheincreasinglysig-nificantpressuresofhumanoccupationnearbeaches.Doody(2004)pointedoutconcernsaboutthelossofspaceinthecoastalzoneduetohumanuse,which,formanyyears,promotedtheenclosureofcoastalareasand,insomecases,resultedinthecompletelossofsaltmarshenvironmentsintheintertidalzone.Doody(,introducingthisconceptforthefirsttimeinthedebateonpressureincoastalspaces.Morerecently,inaglobalanalysisofthiswhennotingthat33%oftheworld’sissue,Lansuetal.sandycoastshavelessthan100metersofspacefreeofinfrastructureinthebackshoreofthebeach,andthat23–30%ofthisspacemaybelostby2100duetosea-levelrise.Defeo(2021)considerthiscompressionthemaincurrentproblemofbeaches,causedbyopposingforces.Ontheonehand,urbanization,recreation,andindustrialdevelopmentisadvancingtowardthesea;ontheother,theseaisadvancingoverthecontinentduetosea-levelrise.(2024)mentiontheterm)callsthisphenomenonbeachsqueezeNature-basedsolutions,adaptation,andresiliencehavebecomeprominentthemesinrecentde-cades.Morerecently,theypointtowardinitiativestorelocateoccupationsincriticalsituationsofbeach-relatedrisksassociatedwithclimatechange(Ocean&ClimatePlatform,2025).Beaches,atthecenterofthesedebates,areperceivedthroughmultiplelensesandvalues,functioningasater-ritoryofoftenconflictinginterests,raisingcurrentconcernsregardingtheirpermanenceaspublicspaces.Inlightofthis,thequestionforBrazilishowtoconceiveofthebeachasaterritorialarena,manifestingitselfthroughacriticalperspectiveonitsconditionasareceptacleofdivergentinterestsmaterializedinitsuses—asheritage(Carbonell,2010),asaterritoryofcoastalmanagement(Hjala-ger,2020),and,atthesametime,asaphysicallyvulnerablesitesubjecttoexhaustioninsituationsof.Wearenolongerdealingsolelywiththebeachasasiteofconsumption,aplaceforleisureandtourism,aplaceofresidence,oraplaceofwork;itisalsoavulnerableplaceduetosce-nariosofsea-levelrise.Howhavethoseterritories(threatenedononehandbytheprocessofcoastalerosionandontheotherbysocioeconomicpressures)beencontestedand“squeezed”?beachsqueeze2FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertThroughageographicalapproachtobeachanalysis,thispaperaimstodisplaythecontemporaryprocessesoperatinginthisgeographicalspaceofbeachesinBrazil.Byconsideringthebeachasasubsystemofthecoastalspacethatreproducesitselfindynamicvariationsacrossdifferentsca-les,theobjectiveistounderstandtheincidenceofpressuresthatimpactthecompressionofthebeachenvironmentwithcarryingcapacity,andthereforeaterritorytoberegulatedandmanaged(Aguilar,Mendoza,andSilva,2021).Toachievethisobjective,itwasadoptedasystemicdefinitionofbeachesthatintegrates,fromtheoutset,relevantgeophysicalandhumanelementsfortheirmanagement,whichalreadybenefitfromsolidtechnicalreferencesinBrazil,bothscientificandpublicpolicy-related.op.cit.Towhomdoesthebeachbelong?AsPalmer(2019)highlights,beachesaspublicspacesbringtogetherseveralconflictsoverpowerandplace,resemblingbroaderconflictsexperiencedinBraziliansociety,andleadustoanotherquestion,asalsoposedbyPalmer(Finally,itmustalsobequestionedhow,orforhowlong,themanagementoftheseconflictsinvolvingmultipleinterestscanensureanadequateandfairflowofgovernancethatguaranteesthebeachremainsfederalpropertyandapublicspace.Inlightoftheseissues,thispaperseekstounderstandtherelationbeyondpressuresexertedonbeaches,usingbeachesinthreedifferentregionsoftheBraziliancoastasacasestudy.1.Methodology):beachsqueezeThispaperpresentsthreecasesfromdifferentBrazilianstates(figure1)tocomparesimilaritiesanddifferencesregardingbeaches(inabroadsense)underdifferentsourcesofpressure,which.Fromacharacterization-synthesisoftheanalyzedbeaches,canbeunderstoodasrangingfromlocalitiestolargerextensions,alsohavingdifferentsitecharacteristicsandlands-capealterations,theforcingsofphysicalprocessesandanthropicpressuresarehighlighted,andtheactorsinvolvedintheconflictsthatunfoldineachsituation.Basedonthisanalysis,commonprocessesanddynamicsofthedifferentregionsaddressedalongtheBraziliancoastareidentified,beachcontributingtothedebate.squeezeThoselocationswerechosenbecausetheyareemblematicandcurrentcasestoanalyzeBarradosCoqueirosRiodeJaneiro,coveringthreedifferentregionsoftheBraziliancoast.Thatallowsustostandardizeandnei-city(thecapitalofthestateofRiodeJaneiro),thearc,inthecentralcoastofthestatereflectonbeachmanagement.InthestateofSergipe,themunicipalityofghborsthecityofAracaju.Inurbanoceanicbeacheswereaddressed.Finally,ofParaná.PraiadeLesteFromatheoretical-methodologicalpointofview,weproposedtheneedforanapproachtobea-chesstartingfromtheirsurroundingsandotherscalesinwhichinterferencesinrealitiesmani-festthemselves,toapproximateanapproachintendedtobeintegrated.Agreeingthatpossiblesolutionsforbeachmanagementrequiretheinvolvementofdifferentsectors,socialgroups,andjurisdictionallevelsthatdealwiththevariousspatialandtemporalscales(Assche,2020).Asadevelopmentofthesereflections,itisexpectedthattheanalysesproposedwillbeimportanttobringcomplexityandasystemicapproachtoterritorialpressuresonbeachesinBrazil.etal.3TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilFigure1–LocationmapofcasestudyareasinthreeregionsoftheBraziliancoast.3Results3.1UrbanizationinBarradosCoqueiros(Sergipe,Brazil):Socio-environmentalconflictsandtheChallengestoCoastalSustainabilityBarradosCoqueirosTherecent,accelerated,anddisorderedurbanizationofcoastalareasinreve-alsadynamiccharacterizedbystructuraladvanceswithsignificantsocio-environmentalimpacts(SantosandRodrigues,2021).Historically,itdatesbacktothecolonialperiod.Sincethen,theareahasgonethroughdifferentcyclesoflanduse,initiallycenteredonsmall-scaleextractiveandHancorniaspeciosaagriculturalactivities,suchasfishing,shrimpfarming,and(afruitscientificallycalledrestingasGomes)harvesting,practicesthatmaintainedarelativelybalancedinterac-1,configuringsustainableformsoftionwithcoastalecosystemssuchasmangrovesandmangaba1RestingavegetationconsistsofforestbelongingtotheMataAtlântica(AtlanticForest)occurringonsandyplains,generallybeingcharacterizedbysmalltomedium-sizedbushes,woodyspeciesandcreepers,whichgivethevegetationaclosed,denseaspect(Dantasetal.2009).4FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertterritoriality(BarretoandRodrigues,2016).Fromthe1980s,withtheimplementationofPRODE-TUR/NEI(TourismDevelopmentProgramintheNortheast),tourismwasstimulated,intensifyingmigrationfromruraltourbanareas.Asaconsequence,pressureonnaturalresourcesincreased,revealingtheweaknessesoftheexistingurbanplanning.PraiadaIn2006,anewbridgeconsolidatedanewaxisofpopulationconnectivitytothecapital,Aracaju,Costaboostingrealestateappreciationinareasoftouristinterest,suchasAtalaiaNovaandrestingas.However,thisprocessofurbangrowth,markedbytheabsenceofplanning,resultedinse-verenegativeimpacts,suchasthesuppressionofnativevegetation(andmangroves),thefillingofwetlands,andtheoccupationofenvironmentallyfragilezones,compromisingnaturalhabitatsandacceleratingcoastalerosion(CunhaandDantas,2019)(figure2).Figure2–UrbanexpansioninBarradosCoqueiros,Sergipe,Brazil(2008–2024).Source:PhotoAfrom2008-JoséMariaLandimDomingues,PhotoBfrom2024-aerialsurveySEMABarra.BarradosCoqueirosDataproducedbytheCoastalDynamicsandModelingResearchGroupprovidedrelevantinfor-andrevealtheintensityofthesetransfor-mationonthecoastaldynamicsofmations.ThroughgeoindicatorsclassifiedaccordingtothemethodologyofBush(1999),thestudiesshowedapredominanceofareasundersevereerosioninthewinterof2017,with23ofthe32evaluatedpointswitherosivetrends.Thebeachesexhibitedpredominantlydissipativemorphodynamicfeatures,withslopesbetween0°and3.5°andsandbarwidthsbetween20and150meters.Inthesecondsurvey,carriedoutinthesummerof2018,arelativerecoverywasob-served:23pointswereclassifiedasstableoradvanced(figure3).Evenso,criticalareasremainedatrisk,indicatingthestructuralfragilityofthecoastline.etal.5TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilFigure3–MapofgeoindicatorsforthesummerandwinterperiodsinthemunicipalityofBarradosCoqueiros–Sergipe.Source:PreparedbyPalomaSantosAmorim.Theseasonalvariationidentifiedreflectstheinfluenceofregionalhydrodynamicregimes,parti-cularlywaveenergyduringwinter.Thatresultedinfrontalscarpsandsedimentloss.Inaddition,thedecreaseinsedimentsupplyfromtheSergipeRiver,influencedbydams,dredgingpractices,andsiltingalongtheriver,interfereswiththenaturalreplenishmentofbeaches,accentuatingtheeffectsoferosion(Santos,2017),representingawarningforthecompromiseofcoastalresilienceinthemediumandlongterm.BarradosCoqueirosSuchaprocess,combinedwithdisorderlyanthropicintervention,aggravatesthevulnerabilityofthecoastalsystem.Thecomparisonbetweenthetwoperiodsallowsreflectionontheincreasingvulnerabilityofthecoastalstripinthefaceofdisorderlyandintensiveoccupationofareasnearthecoastlineof.Evenduringperiodsofgreaterstability,somestretchesre-mainatriskorvulnerable,indicatingtheneedtointegratemorphodynamicstudiesintourbanplanning.Furthermore,thedatareinforcetheimportanceofeffectivepublicpoliciesforcoastalmanagementthatconsiderlocalparticularitiesandthecarryingcapacityofecosystems.Tothisscenarioareaddedtheeffectsofglobalclimatechange,suchasthesea-levelriseandtheintensificationofextremeevents(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,2021),whichfur-thercompromisetheresilienceofcoastalecosystems.Theremovalofnativevegetation,responsi-bleforsedimentfixationanddampingofhightides,increasesfloodinginperipheralurbanareasandcompromisesessentialecosystemservices,suchaswaterregulation,pollutantfiltration,andprotectionagainstaquifersalinization(DuarteandPinto,2024).BarradosCoqueirosisalsoaggravatedbyinequalityinThesocio-environmentalvulnerabilityofaccesstourbaninfrastructure,affectingespeciallytraditionalcommunitiesandlow-incomefa-6FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertmilieslivinginareassusceptibletoflooding.AlthoughthemunicipalityhasplanninginstrumentssuchastheMunicipalCoastalManagementPlan(PMGC,abbreviationinPortuguese)andconser-vationunits,thesemechanismsstilllackeffectiveness,integrationofpolicies,andactiveenforce-ment.Recently,theBrazilianFederalProsecutionService(MPF),theChicoMendesInstituteforBiodiversityConservation(ICMBio),andprivateagentsworkedtogethertocontrollightpollutiontoprotectseaturtles,representingarelevantadvance,despitethelimitationsregardingthecom-BarradosCoquei-plexityofthechallengesfaced.rosTheresultspresentednotonlyoutlineatechnicaldiagnosisofthecoastlineof,butalsoraiseconcernsabouttheviabilityofthecurrentdevelopmentmodel.Thecontinuousdegradationofvulnerableecosystemscoupledwithurbanexpansionhighlightstheurgentneedtostrengthenenvironmentallegislation,reviewmasterplans,andintegratepublicpolicieswiththeprivatesector’sinitiativestomitigateimpactsandpromotesocio-environmentalresilience.BarradosCoqueirosstemsbothfromtheTherefore,thevulnerabilityofcoastalenvironmentsinnaturalfragilityoftheecosystemandtheabsenceofanoccupationmodelthatsimultaneouslypromotesurbandevelopment,ecologicalsustainability,andsocio-environmentalequity.Unders-tandinghowurbanexpansionhasaffectedcoastalterritoriesandlocalwaysoflifeisessentialtoBarradosCoqueirosreflectonpossiblepathsforbuildingsustainablealternatives.Thus,byinvestigatingtherealityof,thisworkseekstohighlightthecomplexityofongoingterritorialtransforma-tionsandcontributetothedebateonurbanguidelinescapableofarticulatingeconomicgrowth,environmentalpreservation,andthewell-beingofpopulationsinhabitingareasofhighsocio-en-vironmentalvulnerability.3.2TheadvanceofleisureandcommerceonthedunesandrestingasofthecityofRiodeJaneiro–whichbeachdowewant?RiodeJaneiroetal.Throughoutthehistoricaloccupationprocess,thecityoflostabout83%ofitscoas-talhabitats,reflectingitsinitialurbanizationonthebeachesoftheCentralandSouthZones(Pei-xoto,2024).Inadditiontothemangroves,eliminatedfromthenorthernandcentralzonesofthecityforbeingconsideredareasthatcouldcausediseasesandthathinderedoccupationex-pansion,thefrontaldunesandrestingaswerealsodestroyed(Lins-de-BarrosandGuerra,2020),althoughmuchoftheseecosystemsarewithintheAPAOrlaMarítima(RiodeJaneiro,1988),amunicipalconservationunitcreatedin1988,betweenthebeachesofLemeandBarradaTijuca.InitiativestorestoredunevegetationoccursporadicallyonsomebeachesthroughtheadoptionofthisecosystembyentrepreneursorNon-GovernmentalOrganizations(NGOs).Despitethis,thecurrentscenarioisstilloneofdestructionofthisimportantecosystem,historicallyreplacedbyvariousurbanstructures,suchaspromenades,bikepaths,andkiosks.thThefirstopen-seabeachtobeoccupiedmoreintensivelyinthecitywasCopacabana,whoseoc-centuryandisverywelldescribedbyO’Donnell(2013).cupationtookplaceattheendofthe19Thetransformationoftheformerremote,uninhabitedareaintothefamous“LittlePrincessoftheSea”transformedthecoastallandscaperelativelyquickly.LinharesandLins-de-Barros(2021)highlight,beyondtheurbantransformationsandthemodeofuseandoccupation,thechangesinthegeomorphologyofthisbeach,whichunderwentalargeartificialnourishmentprojectinthecentury,theprocessofurbanization1960s.Itisnoteworthythatsincethefirstdecadesofthe20throughmansionsandtheconstructionoftheseasideavenuealongtheCopacabanashoreoccur-th7TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilbeachsqueezeredveryclosetothesandstrip,alreadyconfiguringduetostormsurgeshistoricallyregistered(figure4).,resultinginariskysituationFigure4–CopacabanaBeachin1919.PhotographbyAugustoMalta.Source:GeneralArchiveoftheCityofRiodeJaneiro.ThesameistrueforthebeachesofArpoador,Ipanema,andLeblon,which,untilthe1960s,stillpreservedfrontaldunesandsandbanks,nowfullyeliminatedinseveralsections(figure5).Theremovalofthenaturalprotectionprovidedbydunesandsandbanksassandstockspots,aswellastheplacementofrigidstructures,hasledtochangesinthebeaches’naturaldynamics,whichinsomesegmentsarenowmoreexposedtowavesandhavealowercapacitytorecovertheirsedi-mentstock(Lins-de-BarrosandGuerra,2020).Asaresult,adecreaseintheresistanceofbeachestoseasurgeshasbeenobserved.Thatmeansthatbeacheshavebecomemorevulnerabletostor-myeventsandsea-levelrise.Figure5–LeblonBeachviewedfromAvenidaDelfimMoreiratowardsPosto11.19202025Source:Theupperphotoisfromapproximately1920(collectionoftheMarineGeographyLaboratoryoftheFederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro–UFRJ,PhotofromMariaLuizaAmarante),andthelowerphotodatesfromthe2020s(availableon:https://turistafulltime.com/o-que-fazer-em-ipanema-dicas/).Intheoldphoto,thepresenceoffrontaldunesprovidinganaturalbar-riercanbeobserved,wheretodaythepromenadeislocated,withoutanytraceofdunesorrestingavegetation.8FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertRiodeJaneiroetal.beaches,Lins-de-BarrosInarecentstudyonthecoastalvulnerabilityof(2024)andPiacesi(2025)indicateto38%ofthecoastlineclassifiedashavingmoderatetohighvulne-rabilityandalmost8%withhighvulnerability.LeblonBeach,Copacabana(southeastpart),andMacumbaBeachareclassifiedashighlyvulnerable,asituationalsopointedoutbyCarvalhoandGuerra(2020).Thisbecomesevidentwhenobservingthehighnumberofstormsurgescausingdamageonthesebeaches,especiallyatLeblon(Lima,Lins-de-Barros,andCirano,2021).Thesestudiesclearlydemonstratedtheimportanceofsedimentstockandtheformationofnaturalbar-riersinreducingvulnerabilityinlocationswherethefrontaldunesarestillrelativelywellpreser-ved,suchasReservaandRecreiobeachesinthewesternzoneofthecity.etal.(2024),whopresentacoastalriskanalysisunderThisresultisalsodemonstratedbyMartinsdifferentecosystempreservationscenarios,showingthestrongroleofremainingvegetationinpro-tectingthecoastline.However,thissituationcanbereversedifthisnaturalprotectionandsedimentstockarealtered,ashasalreadybeenoccurring(figure6).Itisimportanttoemphasizethat,despitethisscenarioofbeacheswithhighvulnerability,theentirecitycoastlinehasshownhighresilience,recoveringitssedimentstockafterstormevents(Carvalho,2021;Piacesi,2025).etal.Inarecentreport,thesystematicclosureofpublicareasbybeachfrontkiosksinBarradaTijucabeachwasregistered,withthefencingonthebeachesandkioskschargingentrancefees(OGlobo,2025).ThereportalsomentionedaprivateWindsurfequipmentstoragefacilitybuiltwithinthesandstripanditssubsoil,evenincludingagateonthebeach,threateningpublicaccessguaranteedbyfederallaw(Brasil,1988).Figure6–PhotosofBarradaTijucabeachbetweenposts6and7in2016(firstphoto)andin2025(secondphoto)atthesamelocation,showingseveredegradationofthesandbankvegetationcoverandtheeliminationofthefrontaldune.20162025Source:PhotoscourtesyofIzabelaAffonso(2016)andRafaellaSadeMilckzewsky(2025).OGloboInaninventorybasedonnewsfromthenewspaperregardingstormsurgesinthecity,Lima(2022)foundthatthemainresponsestostormsurgeeventshavebeentheclosureofave-nuesandremovalofsandfromtheroads.Intermsofengineeringworks,historicalrecordsshowsomepunctualinterventionswithrigidstructuresandartificialsandnourishment.TheartificialnourishmentofCopacabanainthe1960swasthelargestengineeringinterventionintheurbanbeachesofthecity.Othersandplacementinterventionsoccurredonlyonanemergencybasis,ashappenedoccasionallyatArpoadorBeach.AtMacumbaBeach,wherethepromenadehasalreadysubsidedandledtothecollapseofkiosksandbikelanes,recoveryworksandtheplacementofrigidcontainmentstructureswerecarriedout.Santos(2017)estimatedatotalofmorethanUS$6.3millioninemergencyworksforthere-9TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBraziletal.etal.,2024;Piacesi,2025;PereiracoveryofMacumbaBeachbetween2009and2017.Futhermore,atMacumbabeach,wheretherearerecordsofveryseveredamagecausedbystormsurgesandstretchesofcoastlinewithhighphysicalvulnerability(Lins-de-Barros,2018),therehasalsobeenanincreaseinhotels,flats,andnewrealestatedevelopments,suchasthemostrecent“OntheOceanPontalBeachRecreio,”withapartmentssellingformorethanUS$470K(figure7).Thedevelopmentincludesshops,banks,andfourshoppingmalls.ThislocationiscurrentlyoccupiedbyanassociationofartisanalfishermenfromRecreioandafishmarketandisoneofthemainleisuredestinationsforthepopulationofthewesternneighborhoodsduetoitseasyaccesstopublictransportationandproximitytoneighborhoodslocatedintheJacarepaguálowlands.ThisdevelopmentpointstoanewtrendfortheRecreioneighborhood,whichhasundergonerapidurbanizationsincethe2000s.Withtheideaofexclusivityinmind,OntheOcean’ssloganis:“be-tweenyourhomeandtheAtlanticOcean,thereisonlysand.”Figure7–ProjectionofthenewOntheOceandevelopmentatPontalBeach,RecreiodosBandeirantes.Source:https://bluedoorlancamentos.com.br/imovel/on-the-ocean-recreio-praia-do-pontal/107Recently,withtheincreasedperceptionofthevulnerabilityofBarradaTijucaBeachfollowingdamagestokiosks(builtimproperlyclosertothesandstripandinareasofdegradationofres-tingaandfrontaldunes),arigidengineeringprojectbeganin2022,involvingtheplacementofburiedcementmatsalongthebermofthebeach.Aftercomplaintsfromthescientificcommunity,lawyers,NGOs,andenvironmentalists,thisworkwasembargoedbytheMPF,whichfoundtheis-suanceofanillegalenvironmentallicense,aswellastheabsenceofadequatetechnical-scientificsupportforcarryingouttheproject(Lins-de-Barros,Dias,andGuerra,2023).AnotheractionbytheMPFoccurredinMay2025atIpanemaBeach,whenthedemolitionof‘bea-chclub’areasencroachingonthesandwasordered.AlsonoteworthyamongtheresponsesisthecreationofspecificnormsandlegislationforthebeachesofRiodeJaneiro.Inthisregard,anexam-pleisMunicipalDecreeN°.56,160,publishedinMay2025,whichprohibitsthepracticeknownas“cercadinho”—delimitingpublicareaswithchairsbystreetvendorsandkiosks,beyondtheauthorizedlimitsoffixedmodules,byanymeansthatpreventsfreecirculationofpeople(RiodeJaneiro,2025).Finally,itisworthnotingthecreationin2024,throughMunicipalDecreeN°.55,003/2024,oftheRioCommitteeforScientificStudiesonSeaLevelRise(RiodeJaneiro,2024).Itsobjectiveistocarryoutstudiesandresearchontheimpactsofsealevelrise,especiallyincoastalareas,monitor,promotetheimplementationofactions,proposepublicpolicies,providetechnical-scientificopinions,andorganizeadatabaseonthetopic.10FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautert3.3Casestudy:PraiadeLestearc,centralParanácoastzonePraiadeLestearcispartoftheParanácoastalplain,anditsnameisbasedonthepropositionTheofJoséLoureiro(Bigarella,2001).ItisasectionofthecentralcoastbetweenthemunicipalitiesofPontaldoParanáandMatinhos.Itencompassesdozensofresortsinthesetwomunicipalitiesandhasasandybeachextensionof32kilometers.ItisformedbymarineandcontinentalsedimentswithPaleoceneandHolocenedeposits,resultingfrommarineoscillations.AccordingtoAngulo(1992),continentalsedimentsincludematerialsdepositedassociatedwithslopes,suchastalus,colluviumcones,fans,andmaterialsformingfloodplainsofriversoriginatingintheSerradoMar.Marinesedimentswereformedbymarineregressions,formingalineofcoastalridges.ThelimitsGuaraniMbyáofthearcareformedbycrystallinecomplexcliffstothesouthandbyanartificialjettytothenorth.caiçaras.HumanoccupationintheregionhasrecordsofWiththemiscegenationamongGuarani,Black,andEuropeanpopulationsrosetotheintheregion,traditionalpeopleswhooccupiedtheslopesofthemountainsandplains.Tourismoccupationwasfirstslowlyincreased,withvacationerssettlinginMatinhossincethe1920s.Be-tween1950and1970,growthwasmotivatedbythefirstphaseofpavingbyremainssitestheaccessroad(Bigarella,2001),followedbyanintensificationofthetourismprocesswiththeasphaltpavingoftheroadsthatstartedinthe1980s.Sincethesecondphase,therealestateexpansionrose,withnonformalurbanizationprocessassociatedtothegrowthoftheCuritibame-tropolitanregion,whichdemandedsecond-homeproperties.originarysettlement,thesambaquissambaquirestingasThisprocessresultedintheoccupationofperipheralareas,oftenenvironmentallysensitive(suchasandwetlowlandsbetweenridges),andinthedevelopmentofnewsubdivisionsandcondominiums.SatelliteimagesshowthatthisoccupationisconcentratedinareasclosetosandyPraiadeLeste,Ipanema,Xangrilá,Monções,beaches,alongavenuesnearthesea,andonaccessroads.Fromtheimages,wecannotethatinbothPontaldoParanáandMatinhos,resortssuchasandgrewintensively(figure8),causingsignificantsocio-economictransformations.MatinhosrestingaTherapidanddisorderlyoccupationhasbroughtseriousenvironmentalconcerns,suchasAtlan-ticForestdeforestation,pressureonareas,andwaterpollution,amongotherimpacts.Uponcloserexamination,onecannoticethealmostcompleteoccupationofthelandwhencom-paringimagesofthesameareabetween1984and2020(figure8).Ascommercialandpublicser-vicesareestablished,urbanizationspreadsrapidly.Suchpatternsofurbanizationfollowtheentiresectoradjacenttothebeachstrip,withvariationsindensityalongtheseasidetowns,whichinturnderivefromappropriationsandlandholdingsthroughcontroversialpoliticallandallocationprocessesbytheParanástateauthoritiesatthetime.PraiadeLesteTheBeachArcispredominantlymarkedbythepresenceofvacationhomescoexis-tingwithtraditionalpopulations,mainlymadeupofartisanalfishermen.Ingeneral,occupationinthebeacharcoccurredduetopressureontheformerbeachfrontareasoccupiedbytraditionalpopulations.Insomecases,thesecommunitiesremainonthecoast,butforthemostpart,theywerepushedtomoredistantareas.Fishingcommunitiesthatresistedthegentrificationprocessthroughoutthe1990sand2000s,whichintensifiedfrom2010onwards,stillexist.11TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilFigure8–SatelliteimageshowingtheadvancementofoccupationinthePontaldoParanáregionbetween2004and2023.Source:GoogleSatelitteandEarth.MatinhosPontaldoParanáThemaindemographiccharacteristicistheflowofthefloatingpopulationduringthesummermunicipality,accordingtotheInstitutoBrasileirodemonths.TheresidentpopulationinGeografiaeEstatística–IBGE(2022)is39,259,whileinmunicipalityitis30,425.Accordingtounofficialdata(press),thisnumbercanreachonemillionduringthesummer,im-pactingthedemandforpublicservicesinthearea,suchassecurity,health,publiccleaning,etc.Astourismdeveloped,realestatesubdivisionswereestablishedinduneareas,whichwerealmostentirelyleveledprivateprojects.Thesuppressionofdunesandthefrontalacceleratederosiveprocessesonthebeachesduetothesedimentdeficitduringstormevents.restingaPublicpoliciesofthestateofParanábeachesoriginatedintheearly1980s,whenthestatewasalre-adypioneeringthediscussionofaconservationistandsustainableterritorialpolicyforitscoastline.ExamplesofthisphaseincludeStateDecreeN°.2,722/1984(Paraná,1984),whichaddressedcon-12FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertcernsaboutthestate’sculturalandnaturalheritage,especiallyinthecoastalregionandseashore,andprovidedguidelinesfortourismdevelopment;andDecreeN°.4,605/1984(Paraná,1984a),ai-medatguidingpolicyoneconomic,social,andenvironmentalissues,andalsourbanplanning.Despitethispioneeringroleinplanningissues,Paranáexperiencedagradualinstitutionaldisinte-restfromgovernmentmandatesuntilreachingthecurrentperiod,inwhichhigh-valueinfrastruc-tureinvestmentshavedominatedexecutiveagendasforthecoastalregionasawhole,whetherinurbancontinentalareasorprotectedareas(TellesandPinotti,2024).SuddeninvestmentsinprojectssuchastheMatinhosBeachNourishmentandGuaratubaBridge,alongwithotherin-terventionsaroundthePraiadeLestebeacharc,havedisruptedapatternofrelativestabilityinterritorialdynamicswithintheseasidetowns.Newdynamicsarebeingincreased,fromtheriskofdrowningduetologgingtothesedimentdeficitindunesdestroyedbytheprojects.beachsqueezePraiadeLesterestingaphenomenonobservedinthebeacharchadaslowandgradualTheandfrontaldunes,butwithoutresultingingeneralizederosiveevolutionofthelossofproblems.Onlyoccasionally,beacherosionoccursatthesoutherninternallimitofthearc,whe-repartoftheurbanoccupationofMatinhosislocated,includingresidences,traditionalfishingcommunities.Thespatialpunctualityoftheerosionwasinverselyscaledtotheurban-touristicprojecthastilyexecutedbythegovernmentmandateduringthepandemic(2019-2021).Anewmodelofseasidebeachwasproducedwiththemegaprojectinvestmentwithoutsystematicpo-pularparticipation,involvinglarge-scaleinvestmentswithoutguidanceforcomplianceorientedandwidelypublicizedasadevelopmentalproject.Unawareofthegovernanceritualsforeseen,theconstructionbeganamidvariouscontroversiesregardingenvironmentalimpactstudiesandterritorialplanning.Politicallydrivenbytheagenciesresponsiblefortheprojectandlicensing,thenewscenariowasconsolidatedbymid-2024asanewbeachlandscapeinthearea.beachsqueezeSuchrigidstructures,accompaniedbybeachnourishment,createdanewsectorizationofthebe-ach(figure9).Ononehand,thephenomenonwouldbeovercome;ontheother,thefragmentationofthebeacharcwouldrepresentanewconditionofthesite,withanewartificialphysicallimitinthesouthernpart.Thesemodificationsareconsideredengineeringepicsandin-volveveryhighcoststopublicfinances.Manyuncertaintiesremainregardingthelong-termdyna-micsofthebeachandtheguaranteesforthecontinuedpresenceofthetraditionalpopulationsstillresistantinthearea.Ontheotherhand,thescenarioofeconomicandpoliticalbenefitforsomeinterestedpartiesintheshortandmediumtermisevident.Figure9–RigidstructuresandartificialfeedingonMatinhosbeach,January29,2024.thSource:https://www.aen.pr.gov.br/Noticia/Revitalizacao-da-Orla-de-Matinhos-chegou-928-em-janeiro-aponta-boletim/https://www.aen.pr.gov.br/Noticia/Revitalizacao-da-Orla-de-Matinhos-chegou-928-em-janeiro-aponta-boletimAvailabe:June18,202513TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilDiscussionFromtheexaminationofthreebeachsituationsindifferentstatesalongtheBraziliancoast,itispossibletohighlighttherelevanceofbeachcompressionphenomena(beachsqueeze)intheircausalandscalarvariations.Althoughthephenomenonconsistsofspatialforcingsoriginatingfromboththecontinentandthesea,makingthebeachspacescarce,itencompassesadiversi-tyofinteractingelements.Ononehand,therearegeophysicalvariables,eitherofglobalscalarorigin,suchasclimatechange,oroflocalscalarorigin,suchascriticalpointsoferosionresul-tingfromrivermouthsorstormsurges.Ontheotherhand,thereareanthropicorsocioeconomicvariables,whetherofnationalscale,suchaspublicpoliciesforbeaches,orattheregionalscale,withgovernmentalshort-termprojectspromotingdevelopmentinfrastructureconflictingwithenvironmentalandcoastallaws,oratthelocalscale,withattemptsatresponsebycommunitysocialmovements.Thisdiversificationofvariablesmakesageographicapproachindispensableasaguideforpreliminaryanalysesofthephenomenon,asitmustalsoattendtotheintegrationofscientificdisciplines,governmentspheres,scales,andprocessesinvolved.Suchintegrationfindsinthegeographicapproachastartingpointforsubsidiaryanalysestotheurbanplanningsectorfromatechnical-scientificperspective,incompliancewithconceptualmodelsguidingdiagnosticandmonitoringactions.Thecasestudiesshortlydescribedhereindicatethat,despiteconceptualadvancesinso-calledcoastalmanagement,inpractice,whatisobservedisstillfragmentationandasectoralvisionwithlittledialogueamongdifferentmanagemententities.Areviewofcoastalmanagementplansandmanualstypicallyshowsasearchforsolutionstocoastalproblems,withoutconsideringthecon-textofproximityanddistanceofcausalitiesthatmayaffectempiricallyverifiedoccurrences.Fromthisobservation,itisunderstoodthattheparadigmaticconsiderationofcomplexcharacteristicsmustbetakenasrequirementsforterritorialanalysisofcoastalspaces,inwhichbeachesconsti-tuteoneoftheseveralmanagementunits(Botero,2013),fromamultiple-unityperspective(Suer-tegaray,2004;Botero,2020)throughwhichthedifferentanalyticalcategoriesig.landscape,place,territory,orenvironmentreciprocallyallowsmanypossibleconnections.etal.Foranalyticalpurposes,itispossibletoconsiderthemultiplicityofcoastalscalesinabroadsen-seasasuperpositionofapproachesrangingfromdescriptiveonesbasedonthemorphologicalperceptionofthelandscapetoanalyticalonesderivedfrommodelssupportedbytemporaldata,oralsobyregulationscombinedtocreatearegulatoryframeworkforlanduseandoccupation.Thiscompositionregardinglevelsofcomplexity,whicharethedistinctintelligiblephenomenaofcoastalenvironments,specificallyofbeaches,offersalistingofvariablesordomainsaffectingagivenstudyarea,whichtogethersynthesizethelevelofanalyticalcomplexitytobedecomposed(Almeida,2004).AdoptingthePressure-State-Impact-Responsemethodologicalmodelforbettersystematizationofthefourcasestudiespresentedhere,Table1showsthevariablesandprocessesobservedtonoticesimilaritiesanddiscrepanciesintheanalyzedcases.14FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertStateResponseNaturalTable1–Summaryofthemaindrivers,pressures,impacts,andresponsesofthethreecasestudiesanalyzedforcesGeomorpho-logyImpacts/ConflictsExten-sionPressure/BeachSque-ezetypeBeach/regionnameSergi-pe(SE)BarradosCoqueirosRiodeJanei-ro(RJ)RiodeJa-neiroParaná(PR)PraiadeLesteEliminationofcoastalvegetation(restingas),wetlands,andmangroves,andretreatofthecoastline.Conflictsbe-tweenlocalre-sidents,envi-ronmentalists,andbusinessowners.Im-pactonturtlenesting.pri-Specificvatizationsofbeachaccess;gentrifica-tion;removalrestingas;ofincreasedvul-nerabilitytostormsurgeeventsCooperationbetweentheMPF,ICMBio,andpriva-teagentstolightcontroltopollutionprotectseaturtlesbyActionstheMPF,Uni-versities,andCivilSociety.Creationofagroupofex-pertswithinthecitygo-vernmenttoaddresscoas-talrisks(RiodeJaneiro,2024).32kmExposedsan-beachesdybetweentheSergipeandJaparatubacha-rivers,racterizedbygentleslopesandfinesedi-ments,withfrontaldunesandcoastalvegetational-teredbyurba-nizationandanthropoge-nicuse.Seaturtlenestingarea.36kmExposedsan-beaches,dycharacterizedbycoastalbarriers,du-nes,andcoas-talvegetationverymodifiedbyurbaniza-tionandan-thropogenicuses.Sea-levelriseandcoastalerosionvul-nerabilityassociatedfluvialwithdynamicsandsedimenttransportbywaves,river,andtides.estateRealspeculation,urbanization,occupationofthebeachandde-touristvelopments,concentratedinthelastde-cade.Sea-levelrisestormandsurgevulne-rability,withreco-goodvery(resi-lience).HightoexposurewavesandstormsRealestatespeculation,urbanization,andoccupa-thetionofbeachsincetheendoftheth19centurythandearly10century(inthecaseofCopacabana,Arpoador,Ipanema,andLeblon)andmorerecentlyinBarradaTi-juca,Recreio,andMacumbabeaches.Gentrification,fragmentationofthebeacharch,suppres-sionoftherestinga.Diffuseurba-nization.Be-resorts.achRealestatespeculationdrivenbylar-geinvestmentprojects.ActionsbytheMPF,Univer-sities,andCi-vilSociety.Inactionbyenvironmen-talandpar-ticipatoryagencies.32kmExposedsandybeachwithgraduallossofdunevegetationthetowardsuntilsouth,areachingpointofero-sion.High-im-pactartificialinterventionandfragmen-tationofthebeachlands-cape.Sea-levelriseandcoastalerosionvul-nerability,withgoodrecovery(re-silience)inareaswheredunesandve-getationarepreserved.Highexposu-retowavesandstorms.15ReachoftheresponseToSpecific.controllightpollution,astheseareare-aswhereseaturtlesnest.Intermediary.TheMPFcouldhaltanirregularco-astalprojectandestablishcompensa-torymeasu-resnottotallyimplemented.anotherInre-itcase,questedthedemolitionofbeachclubs.Othercom-re-plaintsmainincourtasbeachdegradationcontinuestoescalate.Inefficientgovernmentmandate,cir-cumventedres-everyponseandmanagementprocessdu-ringtheCO-VIDpandemic(2020-2021)TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilItisnoticeablethatnaturalforcingsareassociatedwiththeintrinsicdynamicsandcomplexityofthebeachesthemselves,aswellaspressuresparticularlyrelatedtourbanandtouristgrowth.Theyaredrivenbythevalueofthebeachasaconsumablecommodity,asiteforrealestatespe-culation,andofinterestforinvestmentprojectsduetoitsenormousaggregatedeconomicvalue.Allthecasesanalyzedshowatendencytowardaneconomicandconsumption-focusedviewofthebeaches,distancingfromanecologicalandsystemicperspective,apparentlyignoringorbeingunawareoftherisksrelatedtothedynamicsandphysicalvulnerabilityofthebeachenvironment.Thismodelofbeachconsumptioninvolvesexploitationbyentrepreneursandaconstantthreattopublicbeachaccess,eitherdirectlythroughfencingandoccupationofthesandstrip,orindirectlythroughgentrification.Thehistoricalreviewofeachcasestudyfromageographicalperspectivebringstheideathatge-ographicalformsarematerializedthroughasetofnormsand/orlegalandsocialforms,meaningthatnon-spatialformsgivecontenttomorphologicalforms(Abreu,2014).Fromthisperspective,itisevidentthatthelandscapeofbeaches,pastandpresent,reflectsthissetofsociallogicsandvalues:initiallyorientedtowardthenotionofthebeachasaplaceoffearsandinsecuritiesofthefearedsea,thenshiftingtoculturalappropriationidentifyingthebeachasaspaceforleisure,tourism,andhighrealestatevalue(Moraes,2007),andcurrentlytotheideaofabeachvaluedforthemarket,asaproducttobeexploitedandcommercialized.Nowadays,thisviewisaddedtotheideaofriskanddangerassociatedwithsea-levelrise.Inthematerializedgeographicalspace,onemovesfromtheterritoryofemptinesstothemostdenselyoccupiedspaceontheplanet,withtheadvanceofcoastalurbanization,progressingtowardincreasedconflictsandappropriationswiththeriskofprivatization,elitization,andlossofthesehighlyvaluedspaces.ReferencessobreespaçoehistóriaABREU,MauríciodeAlmeida.Sobreamemóriadascidades.FRIDMAN,Fania;HAESBERT,Rogério.(orgs.).In:Escritos.1.ed.RiodeJaneiro:Garamond,2014.p.27–54.Land,AGUILAR,Pedro;MENDOZA,Edgar;SILVA,Rodolfo.InteractionbetweentourismcarryingcapacityandcoastalsqueezeinMazatlan,Mexico.v.10,n.9,p.900,2021.Availableon:https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090900.Accessedon:June30In:th,2025Geografia,CiênciadoComplexus:ALMEIDA,MariadaConceiçãode.Mapainacabadodacomplexidade.(orgs.).GeologiadaplaníciecosteiradoestadodoParaná.ensaiostransdisciplinares.PortoAlegre:Sulina,2004,p.9-41.SILVA,AldoAloísioDantasda;GALEANO,AlexANGULO,RodolfoJosé.1992.Tese(DoutoradoemGeociências)–InstitutodeGeociências,UniversidadedeSãoPaulo,SãoPaulo,1992.DOI:10.11606/T.44.1992.tde-09122015-110705.Availableon:https://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44136/tde-09122015-110705/publico/Angulo__Doutorado.pdf.Accessedon:June30,2025.thMarinePolicyASSCHE,KristofVan;HORNIDGE,Anna-Katharina;SCHLÜTER,Achim;VAIDIANU,Nataᶊa.Governanceandthecoastalcondition:towardsnewmodesofobservation,adaptationandintegration.,v.112,art.103413,2020.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.01.002.Availableonhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X18303865/pdfft?md5=5780e8d1507b106d8a7298a724cb2df7&pid=1-s2.0-S0308597X18303865-main.BrazilianArchivesofBiolo-pdf.Accessedon:May7,2025.gyandTechnologyBIGARELLA,JoãoJosé.ContribuiçãoaoestudodaplanícielitorâneadoEstadodoParaná.scielo.br/j/babt/a/dCHQScdftTNPtx3Hk5Fhrhv/?format=pdf&lang=pt.Accessedon:May,7,2025.Lein°.7.661,de16demaiode1988.,jubilee,p.65–110,2001.DOI:10.1590/S1516-89132001000500005.Availableon:https://www.BRASIL.InstituioPlanoNacionaldeGerenciamentoCosteiroedáoutrasprovi-dências.Brasília,DF:PresidênciadaRepública,1988.Availableon:https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l7661.htm.Accessedon:Dec1st,2025.In:BOTERO,Camilo-Mateo;CABRERA,JuanAlfredo;PEREA,AntonioRodríguez.LasplayasdentrodelManejoIntegrado16PEREA,AntonioRodríguez.etal.(eds.).Lagestiónintegradadeplayasydunas:experienciasenLatinoamé-Costero.FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertIn:PalmadeMallorca:Mon.Soc.Hist.Nat.BalearsricayEuropa.deunmecanismoparasuhomologación.BOTERO,Camilo-Mateo.EvaluacióndelosesquemasdecertificacióndeplayasenAméricaLatinaypropuesta,v.19,2012.p.17–31.ISBN:9788461622405.2013.Tese(Doutorado)–UniversidaddeCádiz,Cádiz,2013.Availableon:https://cifplayas.org/sitepad-data/uploads/2024/08/Botero2013Evaluacion-esquemas-certificacion-playas-en-Ame-rica-Latina-y-propuesta-homologacion-Tesis_PhD.pdf.Accessedon:Sept25,2025.thBOTERO,Camilo-Mateo;TELLES,DanielH.Q.;GONZÁLEZ,Madison;ARIZA,Eduard.Cienciasdelacomplejidadcomobaseparaunagestiónintegradadelossistemascosteros:aplicaciónalsistemaplaya.DavidSoto;MORE-desafíoséticosyexperienciasambientalistasenIbero-NO,MarioAlbertoPalacios(eds.).américa.Quito:EditorialUpacífico,2020.v.3,p.187–212.Elretodelaagenda2030:CARRASCO,,Ocean&CoastalManagementDavidM.;NEAL,WilliamJ.;YOUNG,RobertS.;PILKEY,OrrinH.Utilizationofgeoindicatorsforrapidassessment,v.42,n.8,p.647-670,1999.Availableon:ht-PASOS.BUSHofcoastal-hazardriskandmitigation.tps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0964569199000277.Accessedon:May7,2025.RevistadeTurismoyPatrimonioCulturalCARBONELL,Eliseu.Lapatrimonializacióndeunpaisajemarítimo:delaarenadelaplayaalaarenapolítica.,v.8,n.4,p.569-581,2010.Availableon:https://ojsull.webs.ull.es/index.thphp/Revista/article/view/2347/770.Accessedon:Sept13In:JournalofCoastalRese-CARVALHO,BreyllaCampos;GUERRA,JosefaVarela.CoastalvulnerabilityofRiodeJaneiroshoreline(SEBrazil)duetoarchnaturalandsocialimpacts.MALVÁREZ,G.;NAVAS,F.(eds.).GlobalCoastalIssuesof2020.,2025.,SpecialIssue95.CoconutCreek(FL):ISSN0749-0208,2020.p.759–763.CARVALHO,BreyllaCampos;LINS-DE-BARROS,FlaviaMoraes;SILVA,PriscilaLinhares;PENA,JulianadoNascimento;GUERRA,JosefaVarela.Morphologicalvariabilityofsandybeachesduetovariableoceanographicconditions:astudycaseofoceanicbeachesofRiodeJaneirocity(Brazil).,v.25,n.28,2021.DOI:10.1007/s11852-021-00821-8.Availableon:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11852-021-00821-8.Accessedon:April18RevistaGeonordeste,CUNHA,S.B.;DANTAS,M.E.C.Urbanizaçãocosteiraeseusimpactosambientais:ocasodaBarradosCoqueiros(SE).JournalofCoastalConservation,2022.thv.10,n.39,p.1–20,2019.DANTAS,HeloisaGuinleRibeiro;LIMA,HaroldoCavalcanti;BOHRER,todavegetaçãoedapaisagemdomunicípiodeArmaçãodeBúzios,RiodeJaneiro.v.60n.1p.25-38.Availableon:https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960102Accesson:Dec5ClaudioBelmontedeAthayde(2009)Mapeamen-.RiodeJaneiro,.FrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironmentDEFEO,Omar;MCLACHLAN,Anton;ARMITAGE,Derek;ELLIOTT,Michael;PITTMAN,Jeremy.Sandybeachsocial–ecolo-gicalsystemsatrisk:regimeshifts,collapses,andgovernancechallenges,v.19,n.10,p.564–573,2021.Availableon:https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fee.2406.Acces-stsedon:Dec1JournalofCoastalConservation,,2012.,2025.thRevistaRodriguésiathDOODY,J.Pat.Coastalsqueeze–anhistoricalperspective.v.10,p.129–138,2004.Availableon:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1652/1400-0350(2004)010%5B0129:CSAHP%5D2.0.CO;2.Acces-sedon:June25RevistadaANPEGEDUARTE,Thiago;PINTO,JosefaElianeSantanadeSiqueira.CenárioshidroclimáticosemBarradosCoqueiros/SE:vul-nerabilidadesocioambientaleresiliênciaurbana.,v.20,n.41,2024.Availableon:https://ojs.ufgd.stedu.br/anpege/article/view/18107/10179.Accessedon:Dec1Land-useconflictsincoastaltourismandthequestforgovernanceinnovations.,2025.,2025.HJALAGER,Ann-Mette.Policy,v.94,2020.Art.104566.Availableon:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104566.Accessedon:Dec12025.CensoDemográfico2022LandUsest,INSTITUTOBRASILEIRODEGEOGRAFIAEESTATÍSTICA–IBGE.Availableon:https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/.Accessedon:13thClimateChange2021:May,2023..RiodeJaneiro:IBGE,2022.INTERGOVERNMENTALPANELONCLIMATECHANGE–IPCC.ThePhysicalScienceBasis.Cam-bridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2021.Availableon:https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.Accessedon:Ago19thNatureCommunicationsetal.,2022.LANSU,EvaM.v.15,n.432,2024.Availableon:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-44659-0.pdf.Accessedon:June252025Aglobalanalysisofhowhumaninfrastructuresqueezessandycoasts.AnuáriodoLIMARafaeldeFrança.,LINS-DE-BARROSFlaviaMoraes;CIRANOMauroAnálisedasCondiçõesMeteoceanográficasemEventosdeRessacadoMarnoLitoraldoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro,BrasilnoPeríodode1948e2008,,th,17TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilInstitutodeGeociênciasthon:Jan17,2022.,44:1-12.2021.Availableon:https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2021_44_41726.AcessedRessacasdomareseusefeitosnolitoraldoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro.LIMA,RafaeldeFrança.Dissertação(Mes-tradoemGeografia)–InstitutodeGeociências,ProgramadePós-GraduaçãoemGeografia,UniversidadeFederaldoRiothdeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,2022.142f.Availableon:https://objdig.ufrj.br/16/teses/932844.pdf.Accessedon:Nov5,2025.CiênciaHojeLINS-DE-BARROS,FlaviaMoraes;GUERRA,JosefaVarela.Docentroaopontal:astransformaçõesdaspraiascariocas.,RiodeJaneiro,p.22–28,2020.Availableon:https://cienciahoje.org.br/artigo/do-centro-ao-pontal-as-,2025.-transformacoes-das-praias-cariocas/.Accessedon:Sept25thAnaisdoVSimpósiodeGeologiaeGeofísicaMarinha(VSBGGM)LINS-DE-BARROS,FlaviaMoraes;DIAS,MarceloSperle;GUERRA,JosefaVarela.Oconcretovaiinvadirsuapraia:ocasodaobradaPraiadaBarradaTijuca(RJ).In:.SãoPaulo:EVEN3,2023.ISBN:978-65-272-0067-3.DOI:10.29327/1328841.Availableon:https://static.even3.com/anais/263758.pdf?v=638929035569140932.Accessedon:Sept23,2025.tdIn:LINS-DE-BARROS,FlaviaMoraes;PIACESI,PedroAntônio;COSTA,PedroTorres;BRANDÃO,HugoDiniz;COSTA,Eduar-do.M.da.AvaliaçãodavulnerabilidadedepraiasaimpactoporressacasdomarnaorladacidadedoRiodeJaneirodoLemeàPraiadaMacumba.,Paraíba:UniversidadeFederaldaParaíba–UFPB,2024.Availableon:https://editorarealize.com.br/editora/anais/sbgfa/2024/TRABALHO__EV206_MD4_ID1198_TB976_04122024135256.pdf.Accessedon:April,25AnaisdoXXSimpósioBrasileirodeGeografiaFísicaAplicada(XXSBGFA)AMARTINS,Gabrielle;MENDES,Mariana;ARGENTO,Juliana;MENDES,ClariceBraúna;MANES,Stella;VALE,Marianaflorestadajanela:M.OpapeldoshabitatsnaturaisnaproteçãocosteiradacidadedoRiodeJaneiro.PEIXOTO,SôniaL.(orgs.).,2025.etal.In:thsoluçõesbaseadasnanaturezaparaacidadedoRiodeJaneiro.RiodeJaneiro:LumenJuris,2024.p.337–350.MENTASCHI,Lorenzo;VOUSDOUKAS,MichalisI.;PEKEL,Jean-Francois;VOUKOUVALAS,Evangelos;FEVEN,Luc.Globallong-termobservationsofcoastalerosionandaccretion.,v.8,2018.Availableon:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6110794/pdf/41598_2018_Article_30904.pdf.Accessedon:March5th,2024.ScientificReportsMICALLEF,Anton;WILLIAMS,Allan.Beachmanagement:principlesandpractice.1.ed.London:Routledge,2009.480p.DOI:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770033.ContribuiçõesparaagestãodazonacosteiradoBrasil:MORAES,AntonioCarlosRobert.grafiadolitoralbrasileiro.1.ed.SãoPaulo:Annablume,2007.231p.Difíciléviveromar:elementosparaumageo-OGLOBO.OGlobo(CadernoBarra),RiodeJaneiro,4abr.2025.ocupação,regulareirregular,daPraiadaBarrapreocupamoradoreseambientalistas.Managedretreat:preparingcoastalcitiesforsealevelrise.SpecialReport.2025.29p.OCEAN&CLIMATEPLATFORM.Availableon:https://ocean-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Managed-Retreat_Seaties-Special-Report-EN-RevistadeTuris--web.pdf.Accessedon:Sept11moContemporâneoPALMER,ChristianTobler.Whoownsthebeach?Conflictsoverpublicspacesinatourismeconomy.,2025.thtemporaneo/article/download/12460/12277/61818.Accessedon:Jan3Decreton.º2.722,de14demarçode1984.,2022.,Natal,v.7,n.2,p.181–201,jul./dez.2019.Availableon:https://periodicos.ufrn.br/turismocon-tdPARANÁ.Aprovaoregulamentoqueespecificaedefineascondiçõesparaoaproveitamentodeáreaselocaisconsideradosdeinteresseturístico.Curitiba:LegislaçãodoEstadodoParaná,1984.Availableon:https://www.sedest.pr.gov.br/sites/default/arquivos_restritos/files/documento/2020-11/coleta-nea_2013_volume_1.pdf.Accessedon:June30Decreton.º4.605,de26dedezembrode1984.,2025.thPARANÁ.InstituioConselhodeDesenvolvimentoTerritorialdoLitoralParanaense.Curitiba:LegislaçãodoEstadodoParaná,1984a.c:https://www.sedest.pr.gov.br/sites/default/arquivos_restritos/files/documento/2020-11/coletanea_2013_volume_1.pdf.Accessedon:June30Aflorestadajanela:PEIXOTO,SôniaL.;VALE,MarianaM.;MESQUITA,CarlosAlbertoBernardo;MENDES,ClariceBraúna.AcidadedoRiodeJaneiro:hotspotdentrodeumhotspotdebiodiversidade.soluçõesbaseadasnanaturezaparaacidadedoRiodeJaneiro.RiodeJaneiro:LumenJuris,2024.p.1–13.PEIXOTO,SôniaL.AnaisdoXIISINAGEO–SimpósioNacionaldePEREIRA,Thiago;SALIBA,Akel;LESSA,AnaClaudia;GUZZO,Artur;ASSIS,Sthefani.Morfodinâmicapraialeosepisó-GeomorfologiadioserosivosnapraiadaMacumba,cidadedoRiodeJaneiro,RJ.(orgs.).,2025.etal.In:In:th.UGB:UniãodaGeomorfologiaBrasileira,2018.Availableon:https://www.sinageo.org.br/2018/traba-thlhos/2/2-248-1646.html.Accessedon:June26,2025.18FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautertdeJaneiro–RJ.PIACESI,PedroAntoniodaSilva.Dissertação(MestradoemGeografia)UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,2025.102thVulnerabilidadeeresiliênciacosteirasdaspraiasoceânicasdomunicípiodoRiof.Availableon:http://objdig.ufrj.br/16/teses/959258.pdf.Accessedon:Dec9,2025.EspaçosCosteirosBARRETO,SinthiaAraujo;RODRIGUES,TaísKalil.UsoseconflitosnaReservaBiológicadeSantaIsabelnotrechodazonacosteiradoGrupodeBaciasCosteiras01–Sergipe.,v.3,p.1–12,2016.Availableon:https://periodicos.ufba.br/index.php/secosteiros/article/view/18436/11828.Accessedon:Dec1Lein.º1.272,de06dejulhode1988.,2025.stRIODEJANEIRO(Município).DeclaraáreadeproteçãoambientalaOrlaMaríti-madasPraiasdeCopacabana,Ipanema,Leblon,SãoConradoeBarradaTijuca.RiodeJaneiro:CâmaraMunicipal,1988.Availableon:https://mail.camara.rj.gov.br/APL/Legislativos/contlei.nsf/d38566aa34930b4d03257960005fdc91/dd-35f2a978ea32d2032576ac0073895b?OpenDocument.Accessedon:Ago16thDecreton.º55.003,de27deagostode2024.,2025.RIODEJANEIRO(Município).DispõesobreacriaçãodoComitêRiodeEstudosCientíficossobreaElevaçãodosMares.DiárioOficialdoMunicípiodoRiodeJaneiro,28ago.2024.Availableon:https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rj/r/rio-de-janeiro/decreto/2024/5501/55003/decreto-n-55003-2024-dispoe-Decreton.°56.160,de27demaiode2025.-sobre-a-criacao-do-comite-rio-de-estudos-cientificos-sobre-a-elevacao-dos-mares.Accessedon:Ago16,2025thRIODEJANEIRO(Município).DispõesobreaproibiçãodeatividadesquecontrariemoordenamentourbanoepúbliconaorlamarítimadaCidadedoRiodeJaneiro,edáoutrasprovidências.RiodeJaneiro,[RJ]:SecretariaMunicipaldeOrdemPública,2025.Availableon:https://ordempublica.prefeitura.rio/stwp-content/uploads/sites/30/2025/09/decreto-rio-56160.pdf.Accessedon:Dec1CadernodeGeografia,2025,v.27,n.52,p.AerosãonaPraiadaMacumba,suasconsequênciasepropostasdesolução:quantocustaumaSANTOS,A.D.DinâmicasedimentareimpactosantrópicosnafozdoRioSergipe.311–328,2017.praia?SANTOS,R.B.2021.43f.TrabalhodeConclusãodeCurso(GraduaçãoemGeografia)UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,2021.SANTOS,PauloHenriqueNeves;RODRIGUES,TaísKalil.Sensoriamentoremotoaplicadoàfiscalizaçãoambiental:oce-náriodosmunicípiosnorteslitorâneosdeSergipe.,v.1,p.8–28,2021.Availableon:sthttps://rhet.uvanet.br/index.php/rhet/article/view/478/323.Accessedon:Dec1,2025.RevistaHomem,EspaçoeTempoTerraBrasilis[Online],SILVA,PriscilaLinharesda;LINS-DE-BARROS,FlaviaMoraes.AalimentaçãoartificialdaPraiadeCopacabana(RJ)apósv.16,p.1–26,2021.DOI:https://51anos:transformaçõesgeomorfológicasedinâmicaatual.doi.org/10.4000/terrabrasilis.9980.Availableon:https://journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/pdf/9980.Accessedon:Nov.16,2021.In:thGeografia:SUERTEGARAY,DirceMariaAntunes.Ambiênciaepensamentocomplexo:resignific(ação)dageografia.A.Dantasda;GALEANO,Alex.(orgs.).2004.p.181–208.SILVA,Aldociênciadocomplexus:ensaiostransdisciplinares.PortoAlegre:Sulina,OceanandCoastalResearchTELLES,DanielHauerQueiroz;PINOTTI,LígiaCarolinaAlcântara.Participativegovernancequalityovermarinespa-ces:challengesforestuarinesocioecologicalresilienceattheParanaguáBayZone.,v.72,e24040,2024.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23140.Availableon:https://www.scielo.br/j/ocr/a/YDb53KYckvNgYHqS4CmKjgm/?format=pdf&lang=en.Accessedon:Sept13,2025.th19TerritorialpressuresofbeachesasachallengetoscienceandcoastalmanagementinBrazilPressõesterritoriaisdaspraiascomoumdesafioparaaciênciaeagestãocosteiranoBrasilPresionesterritorialessobrelasplayascomodesafíoalacienciaylagestióncosteraenBrasilResumoResumenAspraiascosteirastêmganhadorelevânciaparaagestãoterritorialnoBrasil,considerandoseuvaloreconômico,socialeambiental,bemcomooutrosinteressesassociados.Enquantoespaçosdedisputa,presenciamconflitoseimpactosrela-cionadosaosmúltiplosusoseapropriaçõesqueseintensificamesetornam,aindamais,significa-tivospelasmudançasclimáticas,impondonovosdesafios.Deumlado,enfrentamosaquestãodaerosãocosteiraedasinundações;deoutro,nosdeparamoscomaproduçãodoespaçopormeiodaurbanizaçãoedodesenvolvimentoturísticosemagendasdeplanejamentooudegovernançasistemáticasedevidamenteavaliadas,aindaquerecebendoinstrumentoslegalmenteprevistos.Consideradasemsuascomplexidades,aspraiasreúnemquestõesdedesafiadordimensionamentoanalíticoetambémdeintegraçãoambiental,dedi-reitospúblicos,depolíticaspúblicas.Issoameaçasuacondiçãodeespaçospúblicosdeusocomumedelivreacessodapopulação,inclusivedandomar-gemapropostaspolíticasdeprivatização.Estear-tigovisacorrelacionaressesproblemasgeraisàspraiasbrasileiraseaopapeldaciêncianadefini-çãodefluxosdegovernançasobumaperspectivaterritorial.ApartirdetrêssituaçõesemdiferenteslocalidadesdoBrasil,étrazidapropostaprelimi-nardeabordagemsobrediscrepânciasesimilitu-des.Alémdosdiferentescontextosgeográficosepaisagísticos,fatoresespecíficosdecadarealidadeapontamparadiferentesexpressõesdofenôme-e).Oarti-nodecompressãopraial(gocontribuiráparaodebatesobredesafiosparaagestãodepraiasbrasileirasdiantedepressõesPalavras-chaveeconômicaseambientais.beachsqueez:GestãodePraias;ConflitosTerrito-riais;CompressãodePraias;ImpactosAmbientais.TimelineoftheManuscriptLasplayascosterashancobradorelevanciaparalagestiónterritorialenBrasil,considerandosuvaloreconómico,socialyambiental,asícomootrosintere-sesasociados.Comoespaciosdedisputa,sontestigosdeconflictoseimpactosrelacionadosconmúltiplesusosyapropiacionesqueseintensificanycobranmayorrelevanciadebidoalcambioclimático,loqueimponenuevosdesafíos.Porunlado,nosenfrenta-mosalproblemadelaerosióncosteraylasinunda-ciones;porotro,alaproduccióndeespaciomediantelaurbanizaciónyeldesarrolloturísticosinagendasdeplanificaciónogobernanzasistemáticasydebida-menteevaluadas,apesardecontarconinstrumentoslegales.Consideradasensucomplejidad,lasplayasconjugancuestionesdedifícildimensionamientoana-líticoeintegración:ambientales,dederechospúblicosydepolíticaspúblicas.Estoamenazasucondicióndeespaciospúblicosdeusocomúnylibreaccesoparalapoblación,loquedalugarinclusoapropuestaspolíti-casdeprivatización.Esteartículobuscacorrelacionarestosproblemasgeneralesconlasplayasbrasileñasyelpapeldelacienciaenladefinicióndelosflujosdegobernanzadesdeunaperspectivaterritorial.ApartirdetressituacionesendiferenteslugaresdeBrasil,sepresentaunapropuestapreliminarparaabordarlasdiscrepanciasysimilitudes.Ademásdelosdiferentescontextosgeográficosypaisajísticos,factoresespecí-ficosdecadarealidadapuntanadiferentesmanifes-tacionesdelfenómenodelacompresióncostera.ElartículocontribuiráaldebatesobreelsignificadodelaPalabrasclave:playaparalasociedadbrasileñacontemporánea.GestióndePlayas;ConflictosTer-ritoriales;CompresióndePlayas;ImpactosAm-bientales.Received:October2025FirstReview:October2025SecondReview:October2025AcceptedforPublication:October2025Authorrevision:November2025Grammar,SpellingandABNTreview:November2025Authorrevision:December2025PublishedonDecember202520FlaviaMoraesLinsdeBarros;DanielHauerQueirozTelles;TaisKalilRodrigues;PalomaSantosAmorim;LuizFernandodeCarliLautert