Regulamentação das relações profissionais e de trabalho de professores universitários: prática internacional e características nacionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v14i33.15129Palavras-chave:
Ensino Superior, Relações de trabalho, Sistema de incentivo, Métodos de ensino inovadoresResumo
O presente artigo se concentra em uma análise geral das relações de trabalho em uma universidade moderna, bem como no estudo de algumas características específicas dessas relações. Nas últimas décadas, a política econômica no ensino superior mudou significativamente em diferentes países do mundo. O objetivo do estudo é analisar as abordagens modernas de regulamentação da situação laboral de um professor universitário e seus elementos. Os autores investigam a história das transformações do ensino superior desde os anos 1990, que resultaram na transformação do ensino superior da esfera da produção de capital humano em um ramo independente do setor de serviços. O artigo mostra que, como resultado das reformas do sistema de ensino superior, estão ocorrendo mudanças na gestão universitária, no sistema de relações de trabalho e na situação socioeconômica dos professores universitários. Vários modelos de gestão universitária são explorados. É demonstrado que no cenário moderno, o controle interno é substituído pelo controle externo, a liberdade acadêmica é deixada de lado pela administração e os padrões acadêmicos são modificados e substituídos por regras formais. Essas reformas são acompanhadas por grandes mudanças nas relações de trabalho e no papel da administração e do corpo docente nas universidades. São estudados vários exemplos de construção de relações de trabalho com professores adotadas em diferentes países. É dada muita atenção às abordagens para estimular as atividades de ensino. Dada a difícil situação atual causada pela pandemia COVID-19, são considerados os problemas das relações de trabalho agravados com a transição para o ensino a distância e o ensino híbrido. As desvantagens que impedem uma educação superior de maior qualidade na Rússia são identificadas. São apresentadas propostas de aperfeiçoamento da regulamentação das relações de trabalho no âmbito do ensino superior, visando à melhoria de sua qualidade.
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Chekhonina, O.B. & Kuznetsova, S.A. (2019). Massovye otkrytye onlain-kursy kak sredstvo povysheniia kvalifikatsii prepodavatelia vuza [Massive open online courses as a means of improving the qualification of a university teacher]. Opyt i perspektivy onlain-obucheniia v Rossii: a collection of articles of the All-Russian scientific conference with international participation “Opyt i perspektivy onlain-obucheniia v Rossii”, Sevastopol.
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Dim, R. (2004). “Novyi menedzherializm” i vysshee obrazovanie: upravlenie kachestvom i produktivnostiu raboty v universitetakh Velikobritanii ["New managerialism" and higher education: quality and productivity management in UK universities]. Voprosy obrazovaniia, 3, 44–56.
Dudin, M.N., Levina, E.V., Alferov, V.N., & Zasko, V.N. (2020). N. D. Kondratiev's long wave theory and modernity: the digital age. Revista Inclusiones, 7, 380-394.
Dudin, M.N., Pogrebinskaya, E.A., Sidorenko, V.N., Sukhova, E.I., Zubenko, N.Y., & Shishalova, J.S. (2019a). Cross-cultural management in the system of harmonization of interests in the multi-confessional educational environment. European Journal of Science and Theology, 15(3), 191-199.
Dudin, M.N., Pogrebinskaya, E.A., Sukhova, E.I., & Kirsanov, A.N. (2019b). Modern religious education as the basis for the development of new confessional relations. European Journal of Science and Theology, 15(5), 133-146.
Ergasheva, F.B. (2019). Voprosy valentnosti v sovremennom nemetskom iazyke. [Questions of valence in the modern German language]. Voprosy pedagogiki, 11(2), 276-281.
Evans, L. (2017). University professors as academic leaders: Professorial leadership development needs and provision. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(1), 123–140.
Fisher, G.G., Truxillo, D.M., & Finkelstein, L.M. (2017). Age discrimination: Potential for adverse impact and differential prediction related to age. Human Resource Management Review, 27(2), 316-327.
Gesetz über befristete Arbeitsverträge in der Wissenschaft. (). Retrieved from: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/wisszeitvg/BJNR050610007.html
Gill, R. (2009). Breaking the silence: The hidden injuries of neo-liberal academia. In: Flood, R. & Gill, R. (eds.) Secrecy and Silence in the Research Process: Feminist Reflections. London: Routledge.
Gladkikh, B.A. (2005). Sistema vysshego obrazovaniia v SShA: osobennosti organizatsii i upravleniia [The system of higher education in the United States: features of organization and management]. Ekonomika obrazovaniia, 6, 68-89.
Grishina, O.A., Saginova, O.V., & Skorobogatykh, I.I. (2015). Otsenka effektivnosti prepodavatelia v sovremennom obrazovatelnom uchrezhdenii: monografiia [Assessment of the
effectiveness of a teacher in a modern educational institution: monograph]. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Center for the Development of Scientific Cooperation.
Hasselhorn, M. (2014). Bildung in Deutschland. Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zur Bildung von Menschen mit Behinderung. Bielefeld: Verlag.
Head, S. (2011). Chto ugrozhaet britanskim universitetam? [The Grim Threat to British Universities]. Voprosy obrazovaniia, 2, 282-295.
Hsu, J. (2012). Professor Leaving Stanford for Online Education Startup. NBC News NOW. Retrieved from: http://www.nbcnews.com/id/46138856/ns/technology_and_scienceinnovation/t/professor-leaving-stanford-online-educationstartup/#.XhQmVy1eNVo
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Johnstone, D.B. (2003). Sistema vysshego obrazovaniia v SShA: struktura, rukovodstvo, finansirovanie [The US Higher Education System: Structure, Leadership, Funding]. University Management: Practice and Analysis, 5-6(28), 92-102.
K voprosu ob urovne oplaty truda rabotnikov v sfere vysshego, srednego professionalnogo obrazovaniia, nauki [On the issue of the level of remuneration of workers in the field of higher and secondary vocational education and science]. Retrieved from: www.eseur.ru › K_voprosu_ob_urovne_oplati_tru29112.doc
Khudaimuratova, K. (2020). Vidy, formy obrazovaniia i trudovye otnosheniia prepodavatelei v sisteme vysshego obrazovaniia Federativnoi Respubliki Germaniia [Types and forms of education and labor relations of teachers in the higher education system of the Federal Republic of Germany]. Aktualnye nauchnye issledovaniia v sovremennom mire, 6-7(62), 149-153.
Kleri, S.B. (2008). Zarabotnaia plata prepodavatelei vuzov SShA v 2006-2007 uchebnom godu [Salaries of teachers of US universities in the 2006-2007 academic year]. Ekonomika obrazovaniia, 5, 100-103.
Konev, V.A. (2018). Universitet: iz galaktiki Gutenberga v galaktiku Tsukerberga [University: from the Gutenberg galaxy to the Zuckerberg galaxy]. Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 42, 145–153.
Kudzh, S.A. & Golovanova, N.B. (2020). O sovershenstvovanii mekhanizmov podgotovki nauchno-pedagogicheskikh kadrov i perspektivy tselevogo obucheniia v interesakh vuzov [On improving the mechanisms for training scientific and pedagogical personnel and the prospects for targeted training in the interests of universities]. Russian Technological Journal, 8(4), 112-128.
Kurbatova, M.V. (2016). Izmenenie kharaktera otnoshenii mezhdu rukovoditeliami i prepodavateliami vuzov v rezultate vnedreniia novykh instrumentov upravleniia [Changes in the nature of relations between the heads and teachers of universities as a result of the introduction of new management tools]. Teoriia i praktika ispolzovaniia dogovornogo regulirovaniia sotsialno-trudovykh i obrazovatelnykh otnoshenii v organizatsiiakh vysshego i professionalnogo obrazovaniia: Materials of the All-Russiam scientific and practical conference: Ryazan, Ryazan State Radio Engineering University.
Lan Hong, N.T., Van Tuyen, T., Pushkarev, V.V., Fadeev, P.V., & Khmelev, S.A. (2020). Criminal prosecution of persons who do not speak the language of criminal. Revista Inclusiones, 7(2020): 121-125.
Lazareva, G.Iu. (2020). Formirovanie i razvitie sistemy sotsialno-trudovykh otnoshenii v usloviiakh transformatsii rossiiskoi sistemy vysshego obrazovaniia na osnove balansa interesov [Formation and development of the system of social and labor relations in the context of the transformation of the Russian higher education system based on the balance of interests]. Bulletin of the Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute). Series: Socio-economic sciences, 13(4), 53-61.
Le Grand, J. (2011). Drugaia nevidimaia ruka: predostavlenie obshchestvennykh uslug na osnove vybora i konkurentsii [The Other Invisible Hand: Delivering Public Services Through Choice and Competition]. Moscow: Publishing house of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy.
Lobova, S.V., Bocharov, S.N., Ponkina, E.V. (2020). Tsifrovizatsiia: meinstrim dlia universitetskogo obrazovaniia i vyzovy dlia prepodavatelei [Digitalization: mainstream for university education and challenges for teachers]. University Management: Practice and Analysis, 24(2), 92–106.
Maiburov, I. (2003). Vysshee obrazovanie v razvitykh stranakh [Higher education in developed countries]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii, 2, 25.
Markova, T.L. (2012). Professionalnaia deiatelnost prepodavatelei vysshei shkoly Rossii i SShA: sravnitelnyi analiz [Professional activity of higher education teachers in Russia and the USA: comparative analysis]: summary of a Ph.D. dissertation in social sciences. Ekaterinburg.
Matthews, J.R. (2013). To retire or not to retire? That is the question. Teaching of Psychology, 40(4), 330–332.
MOOC mogut izmenit ekonomiku vysshego obrazovaniia [MOOC can change the economy of higher education]. (n.d.). Universitetskaia kniga: informatsionno-analiticheskii zhurnal. Retrieved from: http://www.unkniga.ru/companynews/7576-moos-mogut-izmenit-ekonomiku-vysshegoobrazovaniya.html
Nascimento, L. F. do, & Cavalcante, M. M. D. (2018). Abordagem quantitativa na pesquisa em educação: investigações no cotidiano escolar. Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação, 11(25), 249-260.
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2021-01-22
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Abdulkadyrov, U. U. ., Pak, O. A. ., & Makushkin, S. A. . (2021). Regulamentação das relações profissionais e de trabalho de professores universitários: prática internacional e características nacionais. Revista Tempos E Espaços Em Educação, 14(33), e15129. https://doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v14i33.15129
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